Petroleum engineers design methods for extracting oil and gas from deposits below
the earth. Once these resources have been discovered, petroleum engineers work
with geologists and other specialists to understand the geologic formation and
properties of the rock containing the reservoir, to determine the drilling
methods to be used, and to monitor drilling and production operations. They
design equipment and processes to achieve the maximum profitable recovery of
oil and gas. Because only a small proportion of oil and gas in a reservoir
flows out under natural forces, petroleum engineers develop and use various
enhanced recovery methods, including injecting water, chemicals, gases, or
steam into an oil reservoir to force out more of the oil and doing
computer-controlled drilling or fracturing to connect a larger area of a
reservoir to a single well. Because even the best techniques in use today
recover only a portion of the oil and gas in a reservoir, petroleum engineers
research and develop technology and methods for increasing the recovery of
these resources and lowering the cost of drilling and production operations.
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